By Wu Minwen
吳敏文
The Japanese Defense Ministry announced its 2025 defense budget – 8.5 trillion Yen – on August 30, a new record after years of continuous increase. The marked changes in Japan's defense policy in recent years have cast a cloud over the regional situation.
8月30日，日本防衛(wèi)省公布2025年防衛(wèi)費(fèi)預(yù)算為8.5萬(wàn)億日元，這是日本防衛(wèi)費(fèi)連續(xù)多年增長(zhǎng)后，年度防衛(wèi)費(fèi)預(yù)算再創(chuàng)新高。近年來(lái)，日本防衛(wèi)政策發(fā)生顯著變化，給地區(qū)局勢(shì)投下濃重陰霾。
Japan, a losing party in WWII, has been obliged to keep its annual defense expenditure under 1% of GDP under pressure from the international community and the restrictions imposed by its own Pacifist Constitution. However, for some time now, Japan, for various reasons, has been trying to break the restrictions on its military development and defense spending and challenge the post-WWII international order. The three new defense policies released by Tokyo in December 2022 marked Japan's major about-face and a dangerous belligerent inclination.
作為二戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)敗國(guó)的日本，受到國(guó)際社會(huì)以及日本和平憲法的限制，年度防衛(wèi)費(fèi)投入一直低于GDP的1%。但是，一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，由于各種原因，在武裝力量發(fā)展和防衛(wèi)費(fèi)投入上，日本逐漸實(shí)際突破和平憲法的約束，挑戰(zhàn)二戰(zhàn)后奠定的國(guó)際秩序。2022年12月，日本政府發(fā)布新的防務(wù)政策三文件，這顯示日本防衛(wèi)政策開始發(fā)生重大改變，呈現(xiàn)出危險(xiǎn)的好戰(zhàn)傾向。
To implement the new defense policies, Japan has rolled out a number of projects regarding the establishment of defense systems and mechanisms, strengthening military research, increasing weapon and ammunition stockpiles, and reinforcing battlefield construction. According to the National Security Strategy of 2022, the JSDF Joint Operations Command (JJOC) will be formed under the Defense Ministry which will command the operating troops and coordinate with the US Indo-Pacific Command.
為了落實(shí)新的防衛(wèi)政策，日本從防務(wù)體制機(jī)制建設(shè)，到加強(qiáng)軍事科研和武器彈藥儲(chǔ)備、進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)建設(shè)等方面，都增加了大量建設(shè)項(xiàng)目。依據(jù)2022年的新版《國(guó)家安全保障戰(zhàn)略》，日本在防衛(wèi)省下屬設(shè)立統(tǒng)合司令部，成為具有作戰(zhàn)指揮權(quán)的指揮機(jī)構(gòu)，并與美國(guó)印太司令部對(duì)接。
Moreover, Japan also has a "missile wall" program that involves commissioning 1,000 medium- and long-range missiles, plans to buy 105 F-35 fighters and 8 US-made MQ-9 Reaper strategic UAVs, and moves to enhance its military deployments in the southwestern direction, covering situation awareness, air defense early warning, and the stationing of JSDF troops. Implementing these programs and plans is bound to increase military expenditure.
另外，日本新防務(wù)政策的落實(shí)，還包括列裝1000枚中遠(yuǎn)程導(dǎo)彈的“導(dǎo)彈墻”計(jì)劃，采購(gòu)105架F-35戰(zhàn)機(jī)，采購(gòu)8架美國(guó)產(chǎn)MQ-9“死神”戰(zhàn)略無(wú)人機(jī)，以及加強(qiáng)在其西南方向的態(tài)勢(shì)感知、防空預(yù)警、自衛(wèi)隊(duì)力量進(jìn)駐等軍事部署，完成這些項(xiàng)目和計(jì)劃都必將增加經(jīng)費(fèi)投入。
The shift in Japan's defense policy and its reinforced military moves are set against the background of America's promotion of its "Indo-Pacific strategy", for which the US needs Japan to play a bigger role in containing China. Therefore, Japan has not only followed the US in wantonly exaggerating the "China threat", but also made all-out efforts to leverage and cater to America's strategic needs to strengthen its own command system and military capabilities.
日本的防務(wù)政策轉(zhuǎn)向和加強(qiáng)，背景是利用美國(guó)實(shí)施“印太戰(zhàn)略”，在遏制中國(guó)方面需要日本扮演更加重要的角色。為此，日本不僅緊隨美國(guó)大肆渲染“中國(guó)威脅論”，而且在指揮體制加強(qiáng)、軍事力量發(fā)展方面，也全面借力和迎合美國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略需求。
First, it has worked hard to align the command systems of the US Forces Japan (USFJ) and JSDF. The US connives in and even encourages Japan's establishment of the JJOC in order to incorporate JSDF into its own combat system. At the US-Japan "2+2" foreign and defense ministers' meeting on July 28 this year, the US side announced to convert the USFJ into a joint force headquarters, which, though still part of the Indo-Pacific Command, will assume combat commanding functions. At times of war, the USFJ joint force headquarters and JSDF's JJOC will communicate directly to jointly command the two forces. US Defense Secretary Austin called this "the most significant change to U.S. Forces Japan since its creation, and one of the strongest improvements in our military ties with Japan in 70 years".
一是緊密對(duì)接駐日美軍和日本自衛(wèi)隊(duì)指揮體制。美國(guó)放手、鼓勵(lì)縱容日本成立統(tǒng)合司令部，是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)需要利用統(tǒng)合司令部，將日本自衛(wèi)隊(duì)納入美軍作戰(zhàn)體系。今年7月28日，美日舉行外交安全“2+2”會(huì)議，宣布將駐日美軍司令部升格為“聯(lián)合部隊(duì)總部”，雖仍然隸屬印太司令部，但增加了作戰(zhàn)指揮職能。在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)條件下，美軍駐日聯(lián)合部隊(duì)總部與日本自衛(wèi)隊(duì)統(tǒng)合司令部直接對(duì)接，統(tǒng)一指揮駐日美軍和日本自衛(wèi)隊(duì)。美國(guó)國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)奧斯汀將此舉稱為“美軍駐日以來(lái)最重大的變化”和“70年來(lái)美日軍事合作最重要的升級(jí)”。
Second, it hopes to tighten the US-Japan bond through AUKUS. When Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida visited Washington on April 10 this year, Biden announced the official inclusion of Japan into AUKUS, calling the nuclear submarine cooperation among the US, the UK and Australia the "pillar 1" of AUKUS, while "pillar 2", formed with Japan's joining, covered AI, quantum technology, advanced network, hypersonic technology, underwater combat, UAV, and electronic warfare.
二是利用“奧庫(kù)斯”將美日更緊密捆綁。今年4月10日，在日本首相岸田文雄訪問(wèn)華盛頓之際，拜登宣布“奧庫(kù)斯”正式吸納日本加入，并將美、英、澳三方的核潛艇生產(chǎn)合作界定為“奧庫(kù)斯”的“第一支柱”，日本加入“奧庫(kù)斯”的“第二支柱”包括人工智能、量子技術(shù)、先進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、高超音速技術(shù)、水下戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、無(wú)人機(jī)以及電子戰(zhàn)等項(xiàng)目。
America is using AUKUS to tie Japan more tightly to its chariot and using Japan's resources to develop its own and its allies' military capabilities, while Japan is leveraging America's needs to expand its military and realize its political goal of becoming a so-called "normal state". Their mutual back-scratching has seriously threatened regional peace.
美國(guó)利用“奧庫(kù)斯”將日本更加緊密捆綁在自己的戰(zhàn)車上，利用日本的資源發(fā)展美國(guó)及盟國(guó)的軍事能力，日本則利用美國(guó)的需要實(shí)現(xiàn)擴(kuò)充軍備、成為所謂“正常國(guó)家”的政治目的。二者各取所需互相利用，對(duì)地區(qū)和平造成嚴(yán)重威脅。
Third, Japan's annual defense budget is approaching the requirement set by the US for its NATO allies – at least 2% of GDP. Japan is America's key ally in the Asia Pacific and a main proponent of its "Indo-Pacific strategy". In recent years, as the US needs Japan to play a bigger role on the military front and Japan itself is yearning to become a "normal state", the latter's annual defense budget has been on a sharp upcurve.
三是日本年度防衛(wèi)費(fèi)投入趨近美國(guó)對(duì)北約盟國(guó)的要求。年度軍費(fèi)投入至少達(dá)到GDP的2%，是美國(guó)對(duì)北約盟國(guó)的基本要求。日本作為美國(guó)在亞太地區(qū)的主要盟友，也是美國(guó)“印太戰(zhàn)略”的主要參與國(guó)之一。近年來(lái)，基于美國(guó)對(duì)日本擔(dān)當(dāng)更重要軍事角色的需要和日本成為所謂“正常國(guó)家”的訴求，日本的年度防衛(wèi)費(fèi)投入開啟了急劇增加的進(jìn)程。
Despite the constant record-smashing figures, Japan's defense budget will continue to rise by a large margin, and will probably reach 11 trillion Yen by 2027 at the current pace. The significant damage to regional peace posed by this and by the subsequent accelerated militarization calls for high alert of countries in the region.
日本防衛(wèi)費(fèi)已經(jīng)屢創(chuàng)新高，下一步仍將繼續(xù)大幅升高。依據(jù)目前的趨勢(shì)，到2027年，日本年度防衛(wèi)費(fèi)可能達(dá)到11萬(wàn)億日元。日本防衛(wèi)費(fèi)大幅攀升，日本加速實(shí)現(xiàn)軍事化，是對(duì)地區(qū)和平的顯著危害，必須引起地區(qū)國(guó)家的高度重視。
(The author is from the College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology)
（作者單位：國(guó)防科技大學(xué)信息通信學(xué)院）
Editor's note: Originally published on zqb.cyol.com, this article is translated from Chinese into English and edited by the China Military Online. The information and opinions in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of jmhuiquan.com.
